Domain DIGOW.com for sale! This premium domain is available now at Kadomain.com

event_available
Sports Calendar

Robin Lod

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1993 celebration
DIGOW | Robin Lod - Midfielder - Player Stats & ProfileDIGOW | Robin Lod - Midfielder - Player Stats & Profile
  • Finnish footballer | Robin Lod

  • badge Player Name

    Robin Lod

  • man Gender

    Male

  • celebration Date of birth

    1993-04-17

  • sell Jersey Number

    -

  • pin_drop Playing Position(s)

    Midfielder

  • sports_and_outdoors Total Career Goals

    -

  • format_line_spacing Height

    180 cm

  • scale Weight

    76 kg

  • language Official Website

    -
  • TEAMS PLAYED FOR
  • Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi

    flag Joined : 2011

    sports_score Ended : 2015

    play_circle Matches : 75

    sports_and_outdoors Goals : 15

  • Finland men''s national football team

    flag Joined : 2015

    sports_score Ended : -

    play_circle Matches : -

    sports_and_outdoors Goals : -

  • Finland national under-21 football team

    flag Joined : 2012

    sports_score Ended : 2014

    play_circle Matches : 14

    sports_and_outdoors Goals : 1

  • Klubi-04

    flag Joined : 2011

    sports_score Ended : 2012

    play_circle Matches : 34

    sports_and_outdoors Goals : 16

  • Panathinaikos F.C.

    flag Joined : 2015

    sports_score Ended : 2018

    play_circle Matches : 75

    sports_and_outdoors Goals : 12

  • Minnesota United FC

    flag Joined : 2019

    sports_score Ended : -

    play_circle Matches : -

    sports_and_outdoors Goals : -

  • Sporting Gijón

    flag Joined : 2018

    sports_score Ended : 2019

    play_circle Matches : 23

    sports_and_outdoors Goals : 4

  • Finland national under-18 football team

    flag Joined : 2011

    sports_score Ended : 2011

    play_circle Matches : 16

    sports_and_outdoors Goals : 4

  • Vaasan Palloseura

    flag Joined : 2012

    sports_score Ended : 2012

    play_circle Matches : 11

    sports_and_outdoors Goals : 2

1. Georgi Tunjov

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 2001 celebration

Estonian football player | Georgi Tunjov

2. Junior Nzila

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 2001 celebration

French footballer | Junior Nzila

3. Lucas Pellegrini

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 2000 celebration

association football player | Lucas Pellegrini

4. Nicola Rauti

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 2000 celebration

Italian footballer | Nicola Rauti

5. Samantha Kerr

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1999 celebration

Scottish footballer (born 1999) | Samantha Kerr

6. Dominik Stumberger

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1999 celebration

association football player | Dominik Stumberger

7. Mohammed Salisu

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1999 celebration

Ghanaian association football player | Mohammed Salisu

8. Choi Jun

  • Fullback, Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1999 celebration

South Korean footballer | Choi Jun

9. Anthony Uzodimma

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1999 celebration

football player | Anthony Uzodimma

10. Kristoffer Ajer

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1998 celebration

Norwegian association football player (born 1998) | Kristoffer Ajer

11. Anna Gerhardt

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1998 celebration

German association football player | Anna Gerhardt

12. Edrisa Lubega

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1998 celebration

Ugandan footballer | Edrisa Lubega

13. Ben Armour

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1998 celebration

association football player (born 1998) | Ben Armour

14. Mees de Wit

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1998 celebration

Dutch association football player | Mees de Wit

15. Fodé Camara (Fode Camara)

  • Fullback pin_drop
  • April 17, 1998 celebration

Guinean association football player (1998-) | Fodé Camara

16. Kirsty Hanson

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1998 celebration

Scottish association football player (born 1998) | Kirsty Hanson

17. Jorge Meré (Jorge Mere)

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1997 celebration

Spanish footballer | Jorge Meré

18. Martin Samuelsen

  • Wing Half pin_drop
  • April 17, 1997 celebration

Norwegian association football player | Martin Samuelsen

19. Álvaro Rivero Sánchez (Alvaro Rivero Sanchez)

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1997 celebration

Spanish footballer | Álvaro Rivero Sánchez

20. Arne Sicker

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1997 celebration

association football player | Arne Sicker

21. Wilter Ayoví (Wilter Ayovi)

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1997 celebration

association football player | Wilter Ayoví

22. Ertugrul Yildirim

  • - pin_drop
  • April 17, 1997 celebration

Austrian association football player | Ertugrul Yildirim

23. Wajdi Sahli

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1997 celebration

French association football player | Wajdi Sahli

24. Alexander Achinioti-Jönsson (Alexander Achinioti-Jonsson)

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1996 celebration

Swedish association football player | Alexander Achinioti-Jönsson

25. Inessa Kaagman

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1996 celebration

Dutch association football player | Inessa Kaagman

26. Gianluca Mancini

  • Centre-back pin_drop
  • April 17, 1996 celebration

Italian association football player | Gianluca Mancini

27. Douglas Moreira Fagundes

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1996 celebration

Brazilian association football player | Douglas Moreira Fagundes

28. Will Hughes

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1995 celebration

English association football player | Will Hughes

29. Vildan Alfaro

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1995 celebration

Chilean association football player | Vildan Alfaro

30. Rodrigo Echeverría (Rodrigo Echeverria)

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1995 celebration

Chilean footballer | Rodrigo Echeverría

31. Andrei Mendel

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1995 celebration

Russian association football player | Andrei Mendel

32. Matej Hradecký (Matej Hradecky)

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1995 celebration

Finnish association football player | Matej Hradecký

33. Cyle Larin

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1995 celebration

Canadian association football player | Cyle Larin

34. Silvana Chojnowski

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1994 celebration

German-Polish footballer | Silvana Chojnowski

35. Sebastian Kerk

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1994 celebration

German footballer | Sebastian Kerk

36. Emil Balayev

  • Goalkeeper pin_drop
  • April 17, 1994 celebration

Azerbaijani association football player | Emil Balayev

37. Roberta Diodato

  • Attacker pin_drop
  • April 17, 1994 celebration

Italian footballer | Roberta Diodato

38. Ndombe Mubele Firmin

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1994 celebration

Congolese footballer | Ndombe Mubele Firmin

39. Siamak Nemati

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1994 celebration

footballer | Siamak Nemati

40. Marlon Ramírez (Marlon Ramirez)

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1994 celebration

Honduran association football player | Marlon Ramírez

41. Hamish Watson

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1993 celebration

New Zealand footballer | Hamish Watson

42. Patricio Gabarrón (Patricio Gabarron)

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1993 celebration

Spanish association football player | Patricio Gabarrón

43. Robin Lod

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1993 celebration

Finnish footballer | Robin Lod

44. Shkodran Mustafi

  • Centre-back pin_drop
  • April 17, 1992 celebration

German association football player | Shkodran Mustafi

45. Emrah Başsan (Emrah Bassan)

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1992 celebration

Turkish footballer | Emrah Başsan

46. Marion Torrent

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1992 celebration

Association footballer | Marion Torrent

47. Karlo Bručić (Karlo Brucic)

  • Full-back pin_drop
  • April 17, 1992 celebration

Croatian association football player | Karlo Bručić

48. Atanas Dimitrov

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1992 celebration

Bulgarian footballer | Atanas Dimitrov

49. Erin Nayler

  • Goalkeeper pin_drop
  • April 17, 1992 celebration

New Zealand association football player | Erin Nayler

50. Steven Fortes

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1992 celebration

French association football player | Steven Fortes

51. So Hyon-uk

  • Wing Half pin_drop
  • April 17, 1992 celebration

North Korean association footballer | So Hyon-uk

52. Joel Ngandu Kayamba

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1992 celebration

association football player | Joel Ngandu Kayamba

53. Dustin Bomheuer

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1991 celebration

German footballer | Dustin Bomheuer

54. Boubacar Sylla

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1991 celebration

Malian footballer | Boubacar Sylla

55. Dzyanis Palyakow

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1991 celebration

Belarusian footballer | Dzyanis Palyakow

56. Amela Kršo (Amela Krso)

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1991 celebration

association football player | Amela Kršo

57. Astrit Ajdarević (Astrit Ajdarevic)

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1990 celebration

Albanian-Swedish association football player | Astrit Ajdarević

58. Marina Hegering

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1990 celebration

German association football player | Marina Hegering

59. Merza Julević (Merza Julevic)

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1990 celebration

German association football player | Merza Julević

60. Valère Germain (Valere Germain)

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1990 celebration

French footballer (born 1990) | Valère Germain

61. Vander Luiz Silva Souza

  • Forward, Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1990 celebration

Brazilian footballer | Vander Luiz Silva Souza

62. Luka Radulović (Luka Radulovic)

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1990 celebration

footballer | Luka Radulović

63. Luis Eduardo Chebel Klein Nunes

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1990 celebration

Brazilian association football player | Luis Eduardo Chebel Klein Nunes

64. Charles Aránguiz (Charles Aranguiz)

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1989 celebration

Chilean association football player | Charles Aránguiz

65. Levon Hayrapetyan

  • Fullback pin_drop
  • April 17, 1989 celebration

Armenian footballer | Levon Hayrapetyan

66. Dávid Gróf (David Grof)

  • Goalkeeper pin_drop
  • April 17, 1989 celebration

Hungarian association football player (born 1989) | Dávid Gróf

67. Ralf Seuntjens

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1989 celebration

Dutch association football player | Ralf Seuntjens

68. Tsvetomir Panov

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1989 celebration

Bulgarian footballer | Tsvetomir Panov

69. Ivan Markelov

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1988 celebration

Russian footballer | Ivan Markelov

70. Charlie Sheringham

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1988 celebration

English association footballer (born 1988) | Charlie Sheringham

71. Ernando

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1988 celebration

Brazilian footballer | Ernando

72. Rauno Tutk

  • - pin_drop
  • April 17, 1988 celebration

Estonian association football player | Rauno Tutk

73. Dane Massey

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1988 celebration

association football player | Dane Massey

74. Medhi Benatia

  • Centre-back pin_drop
  • April 17, 1987 celebration

Moroccan footballer | Medhi Benatia

75. Yegor Tarakanov

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1987 celebration

Russian footballer | Yegor Tarakanov

76. Tando Velaphi

  • Goalkeeper pin_drop
  • April 17, 1987 celebration

Australian association football player | Tando Velaphi

77. Gemma Davison

  • Wing Half pin_drop
  • April 17, 1987 celebration

English footballer | Gemma Davison

78. Jorge Ampuero

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1987 celebration

Chilean footballer | Jorge Ampuero

79. Chen Liming

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1987 celebration

association football player | Chen Liming

80. Audrick Linord

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1987 celebration

French association football player | Audrick Linord

81. Janine van Wyk

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1987 celebration

South African footballer | Janine van Wyk

82. Lee Yong-rae

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1986 celebration

South Korean footballer | Lee Yong-rae

83. Jamie MacDonald

  • Goalkeeper pin_drop
  • April 17, 1986 celebration

Scottish footballer (born 1986) | Jamie MacDonald

84. Francisco Usúcar (Francisco Usucar)

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1986 celebration

Uruguayan football player | Francisco Usúcar

85. Radamés (Radames)

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1986 celebration

Brazilian footballer | Radamés

86. Fazrul Nawaz

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1985 celebration

Singaporean footballer | Fazrul Nawaz

87. Raffaele Palladino

  • Wing Half, Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1984 celebration

Raffaele Palladino is an Italian professional football coach and former player who is head coach of Serie A club Fiorentina. | Raffaele Palladino, Italian footballer

88. Pablo Sebastián Álvarez (Pablo Sebastian Alvarez)

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1984 celebration

Pablo Sebastián Álvarez Valeira is an Argentine former football player, who played as a defender. He also holds a Spanish passport in accordance with his descent. | Pablo Sebastián Álvarez, Argentinian footballer

89. Marcin Komorowski

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1984 celebration

Polish footballer | Marcin Komorowski

90. Suzanne Grant

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1984 celebration

Scottish footballer (born 1984) | Suzanne Grant

91. Cho Won-hee

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1983 celebration

South Korean association football player | Cho Won-hee

92. Gal Alberman

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1983 celebration

Israeli footballer | Gal Alberman

93. Thomas Kristensen

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1983 celebration

Danish footballer | Thomas Kristensen

94. Michael Leary

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1983 celebration

English footballer (born 1983) | Michael Leary

95. Karim Ziani

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1982 celebration

Algerian and French footballer | Karim Ziani

96. Mamadou Diallo

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1982 celebration

Malian footballer | Mamadou Diallo

97. Michael Mifsud

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1981 celebration

Maltese footballer | Michael Mifsud

98. Fahrudin Mustafić (Fahrudin Mustafic)

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1981 celebration

Singaporean and Serbian footballer | Fahrudin Mustafić

99. Yuri Zhevnov

  • Goalkeeper pin_drop
  • April 17, 1981 celebration

Belarusian footballer (born 1981) | Yuri Zhevnov

100. Fabián Andrés Vargas (Fabian Andres Vargas)

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1980 celebration

Fabián Andrés Vargas Riverais a Colombian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He spent most of his professional career playing for América de Cali and Boca Juniors, making more than 100 appearances for both clubs. He also played for Internacional, Almería, AEK Athens, Independiente, Barcelona SC, Millonarios, and La Equidad. At international level, he played for the Colombia national team 41 times and also captained the side. | Fabián Vargas, Colombian footballer

101. Manuele Blasi

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1980 celebration

Italian footballer | Manuele Blasi

102. Pavel Mogilevskiy

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1980 celebration

Russian footballer | Pavel Mogilevskiy

103. Andrei Topchu

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1980 celebration

Russian footballer | Andrei Topchu

104. Curtis Woodhouse

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1980 celebration

Curtis Woodhouse is an English former professional footballer turned professional boxer and football manager, most recently in charge of Marske United. Woodhouse played football as a central midfielder, and competed as a light-welterweight boxer. He is the former British light-welterweight champion. His career in the Football League spanned across nine seasons, earning four caps for the England under-21 football team. Woodhouse's professional boxing record stands at 29 fights 22 wins, 13 of which are by knock-out, and 7 defeats. | Curtis Woodhouse, English footballer, boxer, and manager

105. Óscar Rodríguez Antequera (Oscar Rodriguez Antequera)

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1980 celebration

Spanish footballer | Óscar Rodríguez Antequera

106. Alexander Schnetzler

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1979 celebration

German footballer | Alexander Schnetzler

107. Abdelmajid Eddine

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1979 celebration

Moroccan footballer | Abdelmajid Eddine

108. Krzysztof Wołczek (Krzysztof Wolczek)

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1979 celebration

Polish footballer | Krzysztof Wołczek

109. Igor Negrescu

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1979 celebration

Moldovan association football player and coach | Igor Negrescu

110. Satoshi Yamaguchi

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1978 celebration

Japanese association football player and manager (born 1978) | Satoshi Yamaguchi

111. Juan Guillermo Castillo

  • Goalkeeper pin_drop
  • April 17, 1978 celebration

Uruguayan footballer | Juan Guillermo Castillo

112. Arild Sundgot

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1978 celebration

Norwegian footballer | Arild Sundgot

113. Bjørn Dahl (Bjorn Dahl)

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1978 celebration

Norwegian footballer (born 1978) | Bjørn Dahl

114. Zema Abbey

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1977 celebration

football player (born 1977) | Zema Abbey

115. Stefano Fiore

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1975 celebration

Italian association football player | Stefano Fiore

116. Víctor (Victor)

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1974 celebration

Spanish football player/manager | Víctor

117. Jarkko Wiss

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1972 celebration

Finnish association football player and manager | Jarkko Wiss

118. José Francisco Cevallos (Jose Francisco Cevallos)

  • Goalkeeper pin_drop
  • April 17, 1971 celebration

Ecuadorian footballer (born 1971) | José Francisco Cevallos

119. Piracaia

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1971 celebration

Brazilian footballer | Piracaia

120. Lam Hing Lun

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1967 celebration

association football player | Lam Hing Lun

121. Serhiy Puchkov

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1962 celebration

Ukrainian footballer (born 1962) | Serhiy Puchkov

122. Rubén Darío Insúa (Ruben Dario Insua)

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1961 celebration

Argentine footballer and manager | Rubén Darío Insúa

123. Ray Montgomerie

  • Centre-back pin_drop
  • April 17, 1961 celebration

Scottish footballer | Ray Montgomerie

124. Viktor Dohadailo

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1960 celebration

Ukrainian association football player | Viktor Dohadailo

125. Marek Motyka

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1958 celebration

Polish footballer | Marek Motyka

126. Ionuț Popa (Ionut Popa)

  • - pin_drop
  • April 17, 1953 celebration
  • June 25, 2020 deceased

Romanian association football player and manager (1953–2020) | Ionuț Popa

127. Rubén Toribio Díaz (Ruben Toribio Diaz)

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1952 celebration

Peruvian footballer | Rubén Toribio Díaz

128. Horst Hrubesch

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1951 celebration

German association football player and manager | Horst Hrubesch

129. Jan Mattsson

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1951 celebration

Swedish association football player | Jan Mattsson

130. Franco Mancini

  • - pin_drop
  • April 17, 1948 celebration
  • September 24, 2006 deceased

Italian association football player (1948-2006) | Franco Mancini

131. Corrado Marmo

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1947 celebration

Italian association football player | Corrado Marmo

132. Guus Haak

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1937 celebration

Dutch footballer | Guus Haak

133. Salah Djebaïli (Salah Djebaili)

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1937 celebration
  • May 31, 1994 deceased

Algerian association football player (1937-1994) | Salah Djebaïli

134. Mauro Bicicli

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1935 celebration
  • August 22, 2001 deceased

Italian footballer and manager (1935–2001) | Mauro Bicicli

135. Karl-Erik Palmér (Karl-Erik Palmer)

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1929 celebration
  • February 2, 2015 deceased

Swedish footballer (1929-2015) | Karl-Erik Palmér

136. Raymond Battiston

  • Defender pin_drop
  • April 17, 1924 celebration
  • April 11, 2006 deceased

French association football player (1924-2006) | Raymond Battiston

137. Enrique Flamini

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1917 celebration
  • January 11, 1982 deceased

Argentine footballer (1917-1982) | Enrique Flamini

138. Sven Jacobsson

  • Centre-forward, Centerhalf pin_drop
  • April 17, 1914 celebration
  • July 9, 1983 deceased

Swedish footballer (1914-1983) | Sven Jacobsson

139. Stanisław Deutschmann (Stanislaw Deutschmann)

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1906 celebration
  • December 9, 1964 deceased

Polish association football player (1906-1964) | Stanisław Deutschmann

140. Frederico Pinheiro

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1901 celebration
  • January 1, 2000 deceased

association football player | Frederico Pinheiro

141. Marcello Consiglio

  • Attacker pin_drop
  • April 17, 1894 celebration
  • August 22, 1932 deceased

Italian association football player | Marcello Consiglio

142. Albert Eloy

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1892 celebration
  • January 7, 1947 deceased

French footballer (1892-1947) | Albert Eloy

143. Jan Vos

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1888 celebration
  • August 25, 1939 deceased

Dutch footballer and manager (1888-1939) | Jan Vos

144. Remo Forlivesi

  • - pin_drop
  • April 17, 1888 celebration
  • June 24, 1944 deceased

Italian association football player | Remo Forlivesi

145. Attilio Colombo

  • Forward pin_drop
  • April 17, 1887 celebration
  • August 21, 1961 deceased

Italian footballer (1887-1961) | Attilio Colombo

146. Fred Hawkes

  • Midfielder pin_drop
  • April 17, 1881 celebration

English footballer (1881-?) | Fred Hawkes

Cookie Policy

We use cookies and similar technologies to help the site provide a better user experience. By using the website you agree to our Cookie Policy, Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.